www.fao.org Copyright Michel Lamboeuf · 0
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- Fishbase
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Overview |
Main identification features
- elongate, fusiform, compressed
- 2 dorsal fin (2nd shorter + 2-6 finlets)
- tail fin forked;tail base +/- keels
- lower jaw projectsstrong teeth + fangs
- a: short, + 2-6 finlets
FAMILY GEMPYLIDAE
SNAKE MACKERELS, OILFISHES, ESCOLARS, CUTLASSFISHES
This family, which contains 17 genera and 24 species is found worldwide in tropical to subtropical areas; 7 monospecific genera occur in the eastern Pacific, with 5 entering shallow, nearshore waters in our region. The family is divided into three subfamilies, with two included here, the escolars (Lepidopinae ) and the cutlassfishes (Trichiurinae).
The escolars have fusiform to very elongate bodies; large mouths with strong teeth and a projecting lower jaw, two dorsal fins; often with finlets behind the dorsal and anal fins; small pelvic fins that are often reduced to a single spine; a forked tail; and one or two lateral lines that end at the base of the tail fin. Snake mackerels are fast swimming oceanic predators. They tend to occur in deep water during the day, and rise near the surface at night.
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References |
- Briggs, J.C., 1960., Fishes of worldwide (circumtropical) distribution., Copeia, 1960:171-180.
- Béarez, P., 1996., Lista de los Peces Marinos del Ecuador Continental., Revista de Biologia Tropical, 44:731-741.
- Castro-Aguirre, J.L. and Balart, E.F., 2002., La ictiofauna de las islas Revillagigedos y sus relaciones zoogeograficas, con comentarios acerca de su origen y evolucion. En: Lozano-Vilano, M. L. (Ed.). Libro Jubilar en Honor al Dr. Salvador Contreras Balderas., Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo León:153-170.
- Cocco,., 1833., Cenni sul genere Ruvettus e sui caratteri che lo distinguone., Osservationes Peloritani, 8:18.
- Cuvier, G., 1829., Le Règne Animal, distribué d'après son organisation, pour servir de base à l'histoire naturelle des animaux et d'introduction à l'anatomie comparée. Edition 2., Règne Animal (ed. 2), 2:1-532.
- Eschmeyer , W. N. , Herald , E. S. and Hamman, H., 1983., A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America from the Gulf of Alaska to Baja California. Peterson Field Guide Ser. 28., Houghton Mifflin:336pp.
- Fischer , W. , Krup , F. , Schneider , W. , Sommer , C. , Carpenter , K. E. and Niem, V. H., 1995., Guia FAO para la Identificacion de Especies de para los fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. Volumen II. Vertebrados - Parte 1., FAO2:647-1200.
- Fowler, H.W., 1944., Results of the Fifth George Vanderbilt Expedition (1941) (Bahamas, Caribbean sea, Panama, Galapagos Archipelago and Mexican Pacific Islands). The Fishes., Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadel., Monographs, 6:57-529.
- Grove , J.S. and Lavenberg, R. J., 1997., The fishes of the Galápagos islands., Stanford University Press:863 pp.
- Hildebrand, S.F., 1946., A descriptive catalog of the shore fishes of Peru., Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 189:1-530.
- Jimenez-Prado, P., Béarez, P., 2004., Peces marinos del Ecuador continental / Marine fishes of continental Ecuador., SIMBIOE/NAZCA/IFEA tomo 1 y 2.
- Johnson,., 1865., Description of new genus of trichuroid fishes obtained at Madeira, with remarks on the genus Dicrotus, Günther, and on some allied genera of Trichiuridae., Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1865:434-437.
- Lopez , M. I. and Bussing, W. A., 1982., Lista provisional de los peces marinos de la Costa Rica., Revista de Biologia Tropical, 30(1):5-26.
- Love, M.S., Mecklenburg, C.W., Mecklenburg, T.A., Thorsteinson, L.K., 2005., es of the West Coast and Alaska: a checklist of North Pacific and Artic Ocena species from Baja California to the Alaska-Yukon border., U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, Biological Resources Division, 288pp.
- Nakamura , I. and Parin, N.V., 1993., Snake mackerels and cutlassfishes of the world (families Gempylidae and Trichiuridae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the snake mackerels, snoeks, escolars, gemfish, sackfishes, domine, oilfish ...FAO Species Catalogue Vol. 15., FAO Fish. Synop. No 125,.
- Nelson, J.S., 1984., Fishes of the World (Third edition)., John Wiley and Sons:523pp.
- Rubio, E.A., 1988., Estudio taxonomico de la ictiofauna acompañante del camaron en areas costeras del Pacifico de Colombia., Memorias del VI Seminario Nacional de las Ciencias del Mar. Comisión Colombiana de Oceanografía. Bogota, Colombia., :169-183.
- Smith, A., 1847., Pisces. In: Illustrations of the zoology of South Africa; consisting chiefly of figures and descriptions of the objects of natural history collected during an expedition into the interior of South Africa in 1834-36., Illust. Zool. S. Africa, 4:77 unnumb. pp.
- Van der Heiden , A. M. and Findley, L. T., 1988., Lista de los peces marinos del sur de Sinaloa, México., Anales del Centro de Ciencias del Mar y Limnologia de la Universidad Autonoma Nacional de Mexico, 15:209-224.
- Walker, B. W. and Baldwin, W. J., 1964., Provisional check list of fishes of the Revillagigedo islands., 18 pp.
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Acknowledgements | |
I thank Ashley MacDonald and John Pickering, University of Georgia, for technical support in building this page.
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Updated: 2019-02-18 23:15:27 gmt
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